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Understanding Latitude and Longitude

Latitude lines (parallels) circle the Earth horizontally from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles. Longitude lines (meridians) run vertically from 0° at Greenwich to 180° at the Antimeridian.

Together, latitude and longitude provide an unequivocal angular coordinate reference for any location on Earth.

Key Precision Metrics

  • Decimal Degrees (DD) — Easy calculation format used by Google Maps and web applications
  • Degrees Minutes Seconds (DMS) — Nautical and aviation standard notation
  • Sub-meter Accuracy — Modern GNSS chips resolve up to 6 decimal places (~0.1m precision)

FAQ

Latitude comes first in the pair (e.g., 51.5007, -0.1246 for Big Ben). Latitude runs from -90° to +90° (south to north); longitude from -180° to +180° (west to east of Greenwich).
They replace the sign: N/S says whether you're north or south of the Equator, E/W whether you're east or west of the Prime Meridian. 40.7128° N is the same as +40.7128.
About 11 centimeters — far finer than any phone GPS. Five decimals (~1.1 m) already pinpoints a parking spot; beyond that, the digits are noise.

Related Coordinate Pages