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What Are Geographic Coordinates?

Geographic coordinates define a specific position on Earth. Latitude measures distance north/south of the Equator, while Longitude measures distance east/west of the Greenwich Prime Meridian.

Together, these two values describe a unique location on Earth. For instance, (28.6139, 77.2090) pinpoints India Gate in New Delhi.

Standard Coordinate Systems

  • Decimal Degrees (DD) — Standard digital format: 28.613900, 77.209000
  • Degrees Minutes Seconds (DMS) — Traditional notation: 28°36'50.0"N 77°12'32.4"E
  • UTM — Universal Transverse Mercator metric grid: Zone 43R, Easting, Northing
  • Geohash — Alphanumeric hierarchical spatial index for database querying
  • Plus Code — Google Open Location Code alphanumeric addressing

FAQ

Decimal degrees (e.g., 40.7128, -74.0060) is the most universal — it works in Google Maps, Apple Maps, and most apps. Use DMS only when a document or instrument specifically asks for it.
Four decimals (~11 m) is enough to describe a building; six decimals (~0.1 m) exceeds what consumer GPS can actually measure. Extra digits add precision on paper, not in reality.
Satellite signals, atmospheric conditions, and multipath reflections cause small fluctuations of a few meters. That's normal — the accuracy circle shows the range your true position likely falls in.

Related Coordinate Utilities